Electronic signature laws directory

• Regulation (EU) No 910/2014, eIDAS ¹

  Jurisdiction

  European Union

  Signature types recognised

  Electronic, advanced and qualified electronic signatures, and electronic seals ¹

  Key legal effect

  Qualified electronic signature has the equivalent legal effect of a handwritten signature in all Member States. Applies from 1 July 2016 ¹

• Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act, 15 U.S.C. 7001 ²

  Jurisdiction

  United States

  Signature types recognised

  Electronic signatures and electronic records, no tiers ²

  Key legal effect

  Not denied legal effect solely on the grounds of electronic form. Consumer consent rules for written disclosures. Enacted 30 June 2000 ²

• Electronic Communications Act 2000, section 7 ⁴

  Jurisdiction

  United Kingdom

  Signature types recognised

  Electronic signatures and their certification ⁴

  Key legal effect

  Admissible in evidence on the authenticity or integrity of a communication or data ⁴

• Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act, Part 2 ⁵

  Jurisdiction

  Canada

  Signature types recognised

  Electronic signature and secure electronic signature ⁵

  Key legal effect

  Secure signature technology must be unique to the person, under sole control, identify the person and show later changes ⁵

• Information Technology Act 2000, sections 3, 3A and 5 ⁶

  Jurisdiction

  India

  Signature types recognised

  Digital signature and other electronic signatures in the Second Schedule ⁶

  Key legal effect

  A legal requirement for a signature is deemed satisfied by an electronic signature affixed as prescribed ⁶

• Electronic Transactions Act 2010 ⁷

  Jurisdiction

  Singapore

  Signature types recognised

  Signature by any method that identifies a person and shows intention, and secure electronic signature ⁷

  Key legal effect

  First Schedule matters are excluded from the writing and signature provisions ⁷

• Electronic Communications and Transactions Act 25 of 2002, section 13 ³

  Jurisdiction

  South Africa

  Signature types recognised

  Electronic signature and advanced electronic signature ³

  Key legal effect

  Where law requires a signature without naming a type, only an advanced electronic signature meets it ³

• Federal Decree by Law No. 46 of 2021 on Electronic Transactions and Trust Services ⁸

  Jurisdiction

  United Arab Emirates

  Signature types recognised

  eSignatures, eSeals and digital certification ⁸

  Key legal effect

  Licensing of trust service providers that create, validate and preserve eSignatures ⁸

• UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Signatures ⁹

  Jurisdiction

  International

  Signature types recognised

  Technology-neutral electronic signatures ⁹

  Key legal effect

  Model text adopted 5 July 2001 with reliability criteria for equivalence with handwritten signatures ⁹

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